Asperger syndrome signs and symptoms..Asperger's Syndrome is one of the symptoms of autism in which sufferers have difficulty in communicating with the environment, autism spectrum disorder making it less as received. This syndrome was discovered by Hans Asperger in 1944.
asperger s syndrome signs and symptoms..Asperger's syndrome is a type of pervasive development disorder (PDD). PDDs are a group of conditions including basic skills such as developmental delay with socializing skills, to communicate and to use imagination. Although Asperger's syndrome have kesaman with autism (a more severe type of PPDs), this disorder also have differences in some areas. Children with Asperger's syndrome generally have better functioning than children with autism.
symptoms of asperger s syndrome, In addition, children with Asperger's syndrome generally have normal intelligence. And although they may be impaired to communicate as an adult, a child with Asperger's syndrome tend to have near-normal language development.
what is autism.The exact cause of this disorder is still unknown. However, the facts indicate a trend that the disorder is inherited in families. The exact number of people who suffer from this disorder is unknown. However, this disorder is more common than autism stated. autism spectrum disorder According to estimates quoted webmd.com site, this syndrome experienced by 0.024 to 0.36 percent of the children. This disorder is more common among men than women and is usually diagnosed in children aged between two and six years.
Asperger syndrome is distinguished from other autism symptoms seen from the linguistic and cognitive abilities relative sufferers not decreased, even with a relatively high IQ or average (this means most people with Asperger's syndrome can live independently, unlike other autism). Asperger Syndrome is also not a mental illness.
what is aspergers..When people talk, they generally use body language such as smiles and other nonverbal communication, as well as the words issued by them are likely to have more than one meaning. A person with Asperger's syndrome have difficulty understanding other forms of non-verbal communication as well as words that have many meanings like that, and they just understand what the word is, as he understands it in the dictionary. People with Asperger syndrome do not know how to understand irony, sarcasm, and the use of slang language, let alone understand the expression on the face / eskpersi others. They also do not know how to socialize with other people and tend to be shy.
The doctors look at Asperger's syndrome as a form of autism. Often, referred to as "autism that has many functions / high-functioning autism". This means that every sufferer of Asperger's syndrome does not look like an autistic person, but when seen, their brains work differently from others. Doctors also often take the wrong conclusions about Asperger's syndrome after diagnosis sufferers, and sentenced him as a person with schizophrenia, ADHD, Tourette's syndrome or other mental disorders.
The brain, which has links to social relationships with others also actually control how the body moves and body balance. Therefore, a person with Asperger syndrome may have a problem that involves the movement of the body, such as sports, or even on foot, sometimes often slip. They also have a habit of nervous / nervous.
People with Asperger's syndrome tend to be better than others in some things like math and calculations, writing and computer programming. Many People with Asperger syndrome have a way of writing better than the way they talk to other people. They also have a special interest that they pursue and they are even at it is very detailed, and they just discover the little things that others often miss
Symptom
Symptoms of Asperger's syndrome have a varied and ranges from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:
Impaired social skills. Children with Asperger's syndrome in the general difficulty interacting with others and often rigid in social situations. In general, they are difficult to make friends. Children with Asperger syndrome may have difficulty with peer relationships and may be rejected by other children. Depression and loneliness can occur in teenagers with Asperger syndrome. Outside the immediate family members, people with impaired social interaction, and it is difficult to make friends. In the family, children are compassionate and may not show affection to their parents or other family members. Lack of bonding and warmth with parents and other carers may seem obvious, it is usually due to lack of child social skills. Separation from parents due to work and divorce may be very stressful for these children. what is aspergers, Changing social conditions in the home, community, and the environment can also aggravate symptoms. Individuals with Asperger syndrome may have particular difficulty in dating and marriage. Boys and men with Asperger syndrome may decide to get married suddenly without dating and courtship usually precedes union. They also may not realize that friendship often precedes courtship and engagement. Individuals with Asperger syndrome may want to get married despite the lack of awareness of the social interaction that usually leads to marriage. These problems can continue into adulthood. Social behavior is not appropriate and a failure to understand social cues can be reported. Patients may lose their jobs due to the disruption of understanding of social norms can lead to poor judgment in workplace behaviors (eg, talking inappropriately to colleagues, superiors, or administrator). The child may not understand why people get upset when she broke social rules.
Perilahu eccentric or repetitive habits. Children with this condition likely perform repetitive movements, such as wringing or twisting fingers. Unusual rituals. Children with Asperger's syndrome are likely to develop rituals are followed, such as wearing clothes in a certain order.
Communication difficulties. People with Asperger's syndrome may not make eye contact when talking to someone. They may be problematic to use expressions and gestures as well as difficulty understanding body language. In addition, they tend to have problems understanding language in context. The use of gestures is often limited, and the body language or nonverbal communication can be awkward and inappropriate. Facial expressions may not exist or is not appropriate. Pragmatic errors produced primarily by children with Asperger syndrome in response to questions. Children with Asperger's syndrome often produce responses that are not relevant
Speech and Hearing patients showed abnormalities in several speech and language, including a rambling speech and oddities on the pitch, intonation, prosody, and rhythm. Misunderstanding the nuances of language, for example, literal interpretation of metaphor often encountered. Patients also often show practically speaking disorder, including an inability to use language in a social context, the lack of sensitivity about interrupting others, and irrelevant comments. The speech may be unusually formal or used in a special way that others do not understand. Individuals can speak their minds without censoring. Personal comment would be inappropriate to the social environment that is spoken regularly. The number of speech can also vary widely and reflect the current emotional state of the individual over the communication needs of the social setting. Some individuals may be verbose and quiet. Furthermore, the same individual may exhibit excesses and deficiencies speech intermittently. Some individuals may show selective mutisme, speaks not at all to most people and excessively to certain people. Some people may choose to talk only to people they like. Thus, speech may reflect special interests and individual preferences. The selected language form may include a significant metaphor for the speaker only. The message is the speaker can not be understood by those who heard, or messages may be meaningful only to a few people who understand the private language speaker. Children often show auditory discrimination and distortion, especially when children find two or more people talk at the same time.
Activities and activities of patients showed a strange and narrow interests, not including other activities. These interests may not be so important that children do not develop the typical relationship with family, school, and community.
People with sensory sensitivity may indicate sensitivity to sound, touch, taste, smell, pain, and temperature. For example, a child may exhibit either extreme or decreased sensitivity to pain. Children may be particularly sensitive to food texture. Children may exhibit synesthesia, including sensory responses to environmental stimuli in a different sensory modality.
Limitations of interest. Children with Asperger's syndrome is likely to have an intense interest even obsessed to some areas, such as sports schedules, weather or maps.
Coordination issues. Movement of children with Asperger's syndrome seem sloppy and stiff. Joint Lax unusual for handwriting and fine hand movements) • Clumsiness is common. Patients may exhibit anomalous motion, balance, agility, handwriting, rapid movements, rhythms, autism spectrum disorder, and imitate movements. Individuals indicate tampering ball-playing skills
Talented. Many children with Asperger's syndrome are very talented in certain fields, such as music or mathematics.
Diagnosis
CT Scanning Computed tomography (CT) scanning can not be used either to diagnose or to get rid of Asperger's syndrome, because there is no clear consistent finding in people with this condition. In contrast, CT scans can help by removing the differential diagnosis of treatable conditions, such as neurological disorders (eg, tumors). Chief analysis consistently showed a third ventricular enlargement and reduction of the caudate nucleus.
MRI MRI can reveal various deficits, but the results are not konsisten.MRI help show cortical defect in the center-right perisylvian and incomplete formation of the posterior-inferior frontal gyrus (ie, pars opercularis, pars triangularis). MRI shows the following: • hypoplastic inferior precentral gyrus and the anterior superior temporal gyrus, produces Sylvian fissure widening and partial exposure of the insular cortex • hypoplasia of the right temporo-occipital cortex Small • gyri of the posterior parietal lobe • Right lateral ventricle enlargement • Reduce the size of midbrain and medulla oblongata
Functional MRI examination showed that facial expressions of fear, disgust, happiness, and sadness result in reduced activation of the fusiform cortex and extrastriate people with Asperger syndrome compared with healthy, normal control subjects.
In response to fearful faces, people with Asperger syndrome showed greater activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus and superior temporal cortex, whereas control subjects showed greater activation in the left amygdala and the left orbitofrontal cortex. Herrington and colleagues reported less activity in the temporal region of low, middle, and superior in people with Asperger's syndrome in response to the task is usually interpreted as human motion.
PET Scanning PET scan showed multiple deficits in some individuals. With the F-18 2-deoxyglucose, anterior rectal gyrus some people with Asperger syndrome larger on the left than the right, opposite the asymmetry seen in most other orang.Pasien showed an increased level of glucose metabolism in the right posterior calcarine cortex and decreased metabolic rate of glucose in the left posterior putamen and left medial thalamus. For more information, see PET Scanning in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Event-related brain potentials anomalous findings in people with Asperger syndrome. Examination is related to the potential tools for determining the error in cortical auditory discrimination of people with Asperger's syndrome. Mismatch negativity in event-related brain potentials indicate how well a person's voice to determine changes in the other noises of the environment. People with Asperger syndrome are very sensitive to detect changes in sound. On the other hand, O'Connor and colleagues showed that, compared with healthy control subjects, people with Asperger syndrome are slower to recognize faces.
Neuropsychologic examination
Consult a neurologist for examination and testing neuropsychologic.Penilaian Neuropsychologic should focus on simple and complex problem-solving tasks, such as using tests and scales as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test-and Stanford-Binet Scale. Diagnostic steps may exhibit marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal functions and intelligence. Neuropsychologic assessment is likely to show frontal.Tes lainnyaDziobek system dysfunction and colleagues have reported an increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in people with Asperger syndrome. [30] Audiography indicated to rule out auditory discrimination deficit.
Differential Diagnosis
Adrenal hypoplasia
Birth Trauma
Child Abuse & Neglect: Dissociative Identity Disorder
Child Abuse & Neglect: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Child Abuse & Neglect: Sexual Abuse
Cognitive deficits
Conduct Disorder
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Therapy
Asperger's syndrome can not be cured completely. However, you can try the treatment that can improve function and reduce unwanted behavior. People with Asperger's syndrome is usually treated with a combination of the following steps:
Special Education: Education that is designed to meet the unique educational needs of children.
Behavior modification: This includes strategies to support positive behavior and reduce problem behaviors.
Speech therapy, physical and occupational therapy: This therapy is designed to improve the functional capabilities of children.
Drugs.
There is no specific drug to deal with Asperger's syndrome. However, medicines can be used to treat specific symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral hyperactivity and obsession.
Many pharmacological agents eg, antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], clonidine, naltrexone has been trying to improve some of the symptoms associated with Asperger's syndrome and related conditions. Improvement of symptoms including stereotyped movements, self-injury, hyperactivity, and aggression.
Antipsychotic aripiprazole has been shown to reduce irritability, hyperactivity, and stereotypy in children with Asperger syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. However, children in the study experienced adverse effects including weight gain, sedation, drooling, and tremor.
Studies show that SSRIs help to treat repetitive behaviors, impulsivity, irritability, and aggression. Controlled clinical trials, based on either population is diagnosed, it is necessary to confirm the impression that the SSRIs and atypical neuroleptics may reduce the core symptoms of Asperger's syndrome and related conditions.
None of the drugs routinely used to treat Asperger's syndrome. Pharmacological interventions used to treat comorbid disorders, including attention problems, mood disorders, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Avoid prescription drugs without indication. Be alert for drug toxicity. For example, the routine administration of Serotonin Syndrome Checklist helps to identify early evidence of adverse effects of SSRIs.
Antipsychotics
Antipsychotic drugs can help patients with aggressive behavior and patterns can increase is limited, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors and interests.
Risperidone (Risperdal) Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds to the dopamine D2 receptor with an affinity 20 times lower than the affinity of 5-HT2-receptors. It improves the negative symptoms of psychosis and reduce the incidence of extrapyramidal side effects compared with conventional antipsychotics. It is indicated for irritability associated with autistic disorder in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years.
Aripiprazole (Abilify) Mechanism of action of aripiprazole is unknown, but is thought to work differently than other antipsychotics. Aripiprazole is thought to be a partial dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5-HT1A) agonist, and antagonize serotonin (5-HT2A). In addition, no QTc interval prolongation has been noted in clinical trials.
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